Метод самонаблюдения Рамана Махарши

См. также https://awakening.forum2x2.ru/t5-topic

Рамана Махарши учил методу, к-й состоял в задавании вопроса "Кто Я?" или "С кем это происходит?". Согласно Рамане, задача состояла в том, чтобы постоянным задаванием этого вопроса дойти до базовой Я-мысли, и осознать, что она не отождествляется с привычным "я" (телом, умом и т.д.)

Однако последователи Раманы столкнулись с тем, что практически добиться результатов при помощи этого метода мало кому удавалось. Рассказывают, что один из них пришел к Рамане и сказал: "Мастер, я практиковал ваш метод 25 лет и не достиг ничего. Что мне делать?" Рамана ответил: "Практикуйте еще 25 лет".

Те ученики Рамана Махарши, к-е не хотели ждать столь долго , стали искать свои ошибки в понимании и коррекцию применения метода.

Эдди Музыка (ученик Роберта Адамса; Роберт Адамс получил инициацию Йогананды в крийя-йогу и потом стал учеником учеником Рамана Махарши) пишет:

For example the classic questions Shri Ramana “WHO AM I?” or the one by Shri Robert Adams which states “ TO WHOM DOES THIS HAPPEN?” have numerous problems when followed literally. If one merely follows these statement literally and attempts to catch to the “ME” and the “I” mentally, what is actually taking place? You are merely following another projection of the mind- a background I, which is just another concept. The fact is that the mind just cannot take you to the real I. You will need to transcend the mind to reach it and for that you will need to go beyond the appearances of the waking state and beyond many layers of Consciousness.

Достаточно ясно, что простое теоретическое понимание "иллюзорности" "я" мало что дает. Тот же Эдди пишет:

Most seekers are happy simply “believing” that since “I don’t exist” nothing actually is important. Nothing will affect me. But this is ... simply a mental state - a kind of affirmation. Maybe you will feel good, feel happy with even experience occasions of bliss taking place when “a gap between two thoughts happen” but that is far away from true enlightenment as taught by Nisargadatta, Ramana, Robert and Edji, as the I or Ego still carries on.

For example in India every 8-year child is ingrained with the knowledge that he is not the body nor the mind but an “Atma”. Does that mean the child has realized that state of “Atma?” They grow up believing that they are an Atma but indulge in all kinds of vasanas and desires. The joy and Bliss eludes them completely and so suffering and ignorance remains. To them the ATMA remains only a mental concept with no realization ( http://itisnotreal.com/Steps%20in%20hunting%20the%20I.pdf)

Из книг о Рамана Махарши, к-е я читал, достаточно ясно, что он имел ввиду отслеживание именно ощущения, а не формальной мысли.

Beginners in self-enquiry were advised by Sri Ramana to put their attention on the inner feeling of ‘I’ and to hold that feeling as long as possible. They would be told that if their attention was distracted by other thoughts they should revert to awareness of the ‘I’-thought whenever they became aware that their attention had wandered. He suggested various aids to assist this process- one could ask oneself ‘Who am I?’ or ‘Where does this I come from?’- but the ultimate aim was to be continuously aware of the ‘I’ which assumes that it is responsible for all the activities of the body and the mind."

1. Предварительное успокоение ума. Я пришел к выводу (не без помощи Yogani http://www.aypsite.org/), что предварительное успокоение ума является необходимым условием практики метода самонаблюдения. Иными словами, сразу заниматься самонаблюдением невозможно и ни к чему не приводит. Сначала надо утихомирить мысли, и лишь когда их активность существенно спадет, самонаблюдения приобретает смысл.

Любопытно, что и Рамана в ранних стихах пишет, что сначала успокаивается дыхание (сознание через успокоение дыхания), а только потом практикуется самонаблюдение.

2. Метод РМ - это метод наблюдения ощущений. Вопросы, к-е рекомендовал Рамана Махарши, вообще вопросами как таковыми не являются, задавать их в уме в словесной форме бессмысленно. В лучшем случае получится повторение некой механической мантры.

The "I-thought" is just a name trying to depict this feeling of I that has always accompanied you. It can also be called I-feeling, I-sense. Use whatever label you feel at ease with. It's simply an intimate feeling of I. At the beginning, you might wonder "what the hell do they talk about?" but when you spot it for the first time, and you will, I promise you, wow, you will immediately recognize it as something that has always and constantly been with you intimately in your stream of consciousness, always, hidden there at the bottom of everything. It has presence, it has energy, it has a footmark, it has a "smell", once you spot it consciously, you will find it very easy to track it again, you passed the hard stage of self inquiry. ( http://www.gurusfeet.com/blog/self-inquiry-tips )

3. Чтобы наблюдать ощущения, надо сдвинуть фокус внимания с самих ощущений или мыслей на того, кто их ощущает.

"who am i" must constantly look for, focus its attention to the experiencer and scrutinize the experiencer.( http://www.gurusfeet.com/forum/how-do-self-enquiry-ramana-maharshi )

To start with, you will have only two things -- the sensations or sense impressions throughout the body (you may call it body feelings) and the other is a group of thoughts. Now treat both sense impressions and thoughts alike -- as and when they arise , please focus your attention on the thing that experiences it... It is very important that at every stage you need to switch the attention to the experiencing substance which will be your personal "I". After shifting the attention start analyzing this "I

At all stages, it should apply recursively. For example if you feel self enquiry as dry and boring, you should slowly ask "who is doing this practice and who feels boring now"

4. Метод нужно применять постоянно, а не только во время формальной медитации

Dont sit, exclusively allocate time and do self enquiry. Rather, do it all the time, whenever you are relatively free like going in a bus, eating, walking etc.

Secondly introduce this self enquiry in painfule and pleasureful times -- particularly when you experience pleasures do this self enquiry.

5. Этот сдвиг фокуса внимания надо делать мягко без усилий

6. Вопрос - нужно ли концентрироваться вниманием на какой-либо части тела? Большинство рекомендаций - нет

This self enquiry should not concentrate on any part of body.

Однако без (пусть частичной) концентрации на какой-либо части тела концентрация быстро теряется. Плюс перенос всей концентрации на отслеживание мыслей вызывает напряжение сознания. Поэтому представляется, что более правильна рекомендация сначала 50% концентрироваться на теле (скажем, на глазах) и 50% на "наблюдении наблюдателя"

Одной технике посвящена книга Michael Langford, “The most rapid and Direct Means to Eternal Bliss.” - там дан метод "наблюдения наблюдателя". Эту книгу можно скачать в Интернете. Реально в книге представлено 2 метода.

1. THE AWARENESS WATCHING AWARENESS METHOD (метод осознанности, наблюдающей осознанность)

Shut your eyes. Notice your awareness. Observe that awareness. Turn your attention away from the world, body and thought and towards awareness watching awareness. If you notice you are thinking, turn your attention away from thought and back towards awareness watching awareness.

и

2. THE ABANDON RELEASE METHOD (метод оставления усилий)

Shut your eyes. Relax your body. Now ignore your body. Let go of all effort. Let go of all sense of having to do something, as though there is nothing you have to do and nothing you have to think about. Letting go of all effort means letting go of all will and all desire as though there was nothing
that needed to be accomplished or changed.

Эдди Музыка сравнивает последний метод с одной из буддийских практик (дзен буддизма)

Michael assiduously practiced self inquiry for 27 years, read all the books, visited all the teachers, yet had not gotten anywhere. ... He described a method and concept that being aware of awareness itself is abiding in the I Am; the method he discovered, or I should say he rediscovered, appears to be a Soto Zen meditation called Shikantaza. He may deny his method is Shikantaza because he believes he discovered awareness watching awareness method of self-inquiry, but his method is no more or less than Shikantaza, sitting in silence, doing nothing. This is not easy. It takes a while. The mind has to settle and become quiet. Often years have to pass before this quiet sitting is possible, because beginners invariably expect immediate results. If they don't get them, they often give up or go to the next teacher or technique. Beginners don't like quiet, they want action. (http://itisnotreal.com/Hunting%20the%20I.htm)

Cittanupasana - буддийский метод "созерцания ума" - очень похож на метод РМ

https://awakening.forum2x2.ru/t52-topic#108